Search results for "Living standards"
showing 10 items of 10 documents
Analysis of Spatial Disparities by a Structural Equations Model
2008
This paper presents a new analytical framework for assessing spatial disparities among countries. It takes for granted that the analysis of a country’s performance cannot be limited solely to either economic or social factors. The aim of the paper is to combine relevant economic and non-economic (mainly social) aspects of a country’s performance in an integrated logical framework. Based on this idea, a structural simultaneous equation model will be presented and estimated in order to explore the direction of the causal relationship between the economic and the non-economic aspects of a country’s performance. Furthermore, an exploration of the trajectory that each country has registered over…
Analysis of Spatial Disparities by a Structural Equations Model
2008
This paper presents a new analytical framework for assessing spatial disparities among countries. It takes for granted that the analysis of a country’s performance cannot be limited solely to either economic or social factors. The aim of the paper is to combine relevant economic and non-economic (mainly social) aspects of a country’s performance in an integrated logical framework. Based on this idea, a structural simultaneous equation model will be presented and estimated in order to explore the direction of the causal relationship between the economic and the non-economic aspects of a country’s performance. Furthermore, an exploration of the trajectory that each country has registered over…
Does Tourism Consumption Behaviour Mirror Differences in Living Standards?
2016
Based on the theoretical foundation of well-being measurement, the study explores differences in living standards by analysing the distribution of tourism expenditure. A mixture of regression models is used to explore the heterogeneity in tourism consumption by identifying groups of families with similar tourism consumption behaviour as a function of certain socio-demographic and economic factors. The empirical analysis, performed on Italian expenditure data, suggests that there are three different patterns of consumption behaviour conditional to the socio-demographic and economic covariates in the tourism market and that differences in tourism consumption between groups of households mirro…
Obowiązek przyczyniania się do zaspokajania potrzeb rodziny w świetle art. 27 Kodeks rodzinnego i opiekuńczego z dnia 25.02.1964 r. w doktrynie oraz …
2018
Children’s Diet during the Early Stages of the Nutritional Transition. The Foundlings in the Hospital of Valencia (Spain), 1852–1931
2021
The nutritional transition brought about profound changes in the nutrition of the European population in the 19th and 20th centuries. The predominant consumption of cereals gave way to kilocalorie-, protein-, vitamin- and mineral-rich diets that involved a greater intake of animal products. However, not all population groups underwent this transition at the same pace
INEQUALITIES AND TOURISM CONSUMPTION BEHAVIOUR: A MIXTURE MODEL ANALYSIS
2015
The criticism of income as a measure of well-being and trends in living standards is well known and recently scholars have been involved in defining measures to better assess material well-being and differences in living standards. Recent evidence shows that individuals improve their well-being significantly if they are able to spend on higher-order goods and services like tourism and leisure activities. In the light of that, our study proposes to explore differences in living standards in Italy by analysing the distribution of tourism expenditure. For this aim, Mixtures of Regression Models were used in order to investigate whether there is an unobserved heterogeneity in tourism consumptio…
Labour market response to globalisation: spain, 1880-1913
2010
Abstract This paper analyses the impact of globalisation (trade and migration) on the Spanish labour market between 1880 and 1913 by examining the influence that globalisation factors had on agricultural and industrial wages. Our results show that the nineteenth century grain invasion had a negative impact on agricultural wages, whereas the fall in wheat prices did not benefit industry workers. We also found that migration pushed up real agricultural and industrial wages. As agriculture was the main sector in the economy, the final impact was a wage decrease. The negative impact of trade on agricultural and industrial labour markets partly explains the trade policy response of “integral pro…
The measurement of economic, social and environmental performance of countries: a novel approach
2010
This paper presents a new analytical framework for assessing spatial disparities among countries. It takes for granted that the analysis of a country's performance cannot be limited solely to either economic or social factors. The aim of the paper is to combine relevant economic and 'non-economic' (mainly social) aspects of a country's performance in an integrated logical framework. Based on this idea, a structural simultaneous equation model will be presented and estimated in order to explore the direction of the causal relationship between economic and non-economic aspects of a country's performance. Furthermore, an exploration of the trajectory that each country has registered over time …
Wpływ programu 500+ na poziom życia gospodarstw domowych wychowujących dzieci i jego samoocenę w Polsce w 2016 roku
2018
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań gospodarstw domowych w Polsce dotyczących wybranych uwarunkowań samooceny ich sytuacji materialnej. W szczególności uwzględniono wprowadzone w kwietniu 2016 roku świadczenie wychowawcze w ramach programu Rodzina 500+. W tym celu przeprowadzono analizę porównawczą relacji między samooceną a dochodami, wydatkami konsumpcyjnymi i wybranymi charakterystykami gospodarstw zaliczanych do grupy wychowujących dzieci. Analiza wykazała, że istnieje silna zależność oceny własnej sytuacji ekonomicznej gospodarstw zarówno od uzyskiwanych dochodów, jak i wydatków konsumpcyjnych. Dochody z tytułu świadczenia wychowawczego okazały się istotnym czynnikiem poprawy sytuacj…
What can we learn from Long Time Series? Italian Living Standards after Unification and Dualism North-South
2012
Using Italian time series since 1861, we explore the evolution of living standards afterpolitical unification both at the national and at the territorial level. Firstly, we use univariate statistical analysis on homogeneous national time series. Secondly, we employ available homogeneous series at a disaggregated level to measure territorial disparities across regions and four macro-areas. Notwithstanding that time convergence occurred quite rapidly at the national level after WWII, territorial differences became more marked in the period 1936-1951, both in terms of material and social well-being.However, in the final decades of the 20th century disparities among the macro-areas declined, es…